Biological control involves the use of natural enemies to control pests, such as predators, parasites, and pathogens.

The primary goal of disease management in forestry is to prevent the spread of disease from infected trees to healthy trees.

Thinning trees to reduce competition is an example of a cultural control method for managing forest pests, as it reduces the amount of food and habitat available to pests.

Dutch elm disease is primarily transmitted by bark beetles, which carry the fungus that causes the disease.

Using traps to capture pests is an example of a mechanical control method for managing forest pests.

Gypsy moth is primarily transmitted through human activity, such as the movement of infested firewood or nursery stock.

Applying pesticides to kill pests is an example of a chemical control method for managing forest pests.

White pine blister rust is primarily transmitted by fungi, which are carried by wind or animals.

Introducing natural enemies of pests is an example of a biological control method for managing forest pests.

Sudden oak death is primarily transmitted by fungi, which are carried by wind or animals.

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a holistic approach to pest management that uses a combination of biological, cultural, and mechanical control methods to manage pests in a sustainable way.

Emerald ash borer is primarily transmitted through human activity, such as the movement of infested firewood or nursery stock.

Thinning trees to reduce competition is an example of a silvicultural practice that can be used to manage forest pests, as it reduces the amount of food and habitat available to pests.

Hemlock woolly adelgid is primarily transmitted by wind, which carries the insects from tree to tree.

Restricting the movement of infested firewood or nursery stock is an example of a quarantine measure that can be used to prevent the spread of forest pests.