Biocentrism holds that all living organisms have intrinsic value and should be respected and protected, irrespective of their perceived usefulness to humans.

The precautionary principle aims to prevent potential environmental harm even in the absence of conclusive scientific evidence, erring on the side of caution to protect ecosystems.

Utilitarianism prioritizes actions that produce the greatest overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people, including future generations.

Environmental justice seeks to ensure that environmental policies and decisions do not disproportionately harm certain communities or population groups.

Sustainable development aims to balance economic progress with environmental protection and social equity, ensuring that resources are used responsibly for both current and future generations.

The 'tragedy of the commons' describes the situation where individuals acting in their own self-interest overuse shared resources, leading to their depletion or degradation.

Ecocentrism places intrinsic value on the natural world and its ecosystems, recognizing their importance beyond their usefulness to humans.

Intergenerational equity focuses on the ethical responsibility to ensure that the actions of the present generation do not compromise the well-being and opportunities of future generations.

Environmental impact assessment aims to identify and evaluate the potential environmental consequences of proposed projects and develop measures to minimize negative impacts.

The 'polluter pays' principle holds that those responsible for environmental pollution should bear the costs of preventing, reducing, and cleaning up the pollution.

Deontology emphasizes the importance of acting in accordance with moral rules and duties, even if the consequences of those actions are not favorable.

Sustainable consumption involves reducing the consumption of goods and services to minimize the environmental impact associated with their production, use, and disposal.

Virtue Ethics emphasizes the importance of developing and acting on virtues such as honesty, integrity, and compassion, rather than focusing solely on the consequences of actions.

Environmental stewardship emphasizes the responsibility of humans to care for and protect the natural world and its resources for the benefit of both present and future generations.

Environmental Ethics emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term consequences of actions, especially in relation to environmental decision-making, to ensure the well-being of both present and future generations.