Value refers to the lightness or darkness of an area in a drawing, while focal point, balance, and contrast are essential elements of composition.

Linear perspective is a technique used to create the illusion of depth in a drawing by converging parallel lines towards a vanishing point.

Contour drawing involves drawing a series of lines that follow the contours or outlines of objects in a landscape, capturing their basic shapes and forms.

Value is used to create the illusion of depth in a landscape drawing by varying the lightness or darkness of different areas.

Scumbling is a painting technique, not a shading technique commonly used in landscape drawing.

Atmospheric perspective is used to create the illusion of distance in a landscape drawing by making objects appear lighter, cooler, and less distinct as they recede into the background.

Zigzag line is not a common type of line used in landscape drawing, while continuous line, broken line, and contour line are frequently employed.

A grid system is used to divide the drawing into sections, making it easier to transfer the proportions and details of the landscape onto the paper.

Smudging is not a mark-making technique commonly used in landscape drawing, while cross-hatching, stippling, and hatching are frequently employed.

A viewfinder is used to select a suitable composition for the landscape drawing by framing the scene and helping the artist determine the most effective arrangement of elements.

Watercolor is not a common drawing medium used in landscape drawing, while graphite pencil, charcoal, and ink are frequently employed.

A kneaded eraser is used to blend and soften lines in landscape drawing, creating smooth transitions and subtle shading.

Canvas is not a common type of paper used in landscape drawing, while Bristol board, sketchbook paper, and newsprint are frequently employed.

A fixative is used to protect the drawing from smudging and fix the marks in place, preventing them from being accidentally smeared or erased.

Abstract landscapes are not a common type of landscape drawing subject, as landscape drawing typically involves depicting realistic scenes from nature.