Pythagoras believed that music was a mathematical art and that the relationships between musical notes could be used to understand the structure of the universe.

Mimesis is the idea that art can imitate or represent the natural world or human experience.

Schopenhauer believed that music was a direct expression of the will, and that it could communicate emotions and ideas without the need for representation.

Catharsis is the idea that art can purge the listener of negative emotions, leaving them feeling refreshed and renewed.

Kant believed that music was a sublime art that could evoke feelings of awe and wonder, and that it could lead to a sense of transcendence.

Absolute music is the idea that music can exist as an autonomous art form, independent of any representational or emotional content.

Hegel believed that music was a form of symbolic expression that could communicate complex ideas and emotions, and that it could provide a unique insight into the human condition.

Music therapy is the idea that music can have a therapeutic effect on the listener, helping to reduce stress and improve mood.

Nietzsche believed that music was a form of play that could provide a sense of freedom and release, and that it could help us to overcome the constraints of everyday life.

Humanistic music is the idea that music can be used to explore and express different aspects of the human condition.

Adorno believed that music was a form of knowledge that could help us to understand the nature of reality, and that it could provide a unique insight into the contradictions and injustices of the modern world.

Communal music is the idea that music can be used to create a sense of community and belonging.

Cassirer believed that music was a form of art that could transcend language and culture, and that it could communicate directly with the human spirit.

Naturalistic music is the idea that music can be used to explore and express different aspects of the natural world.

Kierkegaard believed that music was a form of art that could provide a unique insight into the human condition, and that it could help us to understand ourselves and our place in the world.