Agricultural expansion, particularly for shrimp farming, has been the leading cause of mangrove deforestation worldwide.

Oil spills, resulting from tanker accidents or offshore drilling, can devastate mangrove ecosystems by contaminating the water and soil.

Climate change poses multiple threats to mangroves, including increased salinity, sea level rise, and ocean acidification, all of which can disrupt their delicate balance.

Mangrove deforestation has far-reaching consequences for coastal communities, including loss of biodiversity, increased erosion, and reduced storm protection.

Sonneratia alba, commonly known as the white mangrove, is particularly vulnerable to rising sea levels due to its limited ability to tolerate salinity and its dependence on intertidal habitats.

Aquaculture, particularly shrimp farming, has been the primary driver of mangrove degradation in Southeast Asia, leading to the conversion of vast mangrove areas into aquaculture ponds.

Mangrove deforestation contributes to greenhouse gas emissions by releasing carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, all of which contribute to global warming.

Avicennia marina, commonly known as the black mangrove, is renowned for its tolerance to high salinity levels, enabling it to thrive in harsh coastal environments.

Deforestation, primarily for agricultural expansion and shrimp farming, poses the greatest threat to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, commonly known as the red mangrove, is known for its distinctive aerial roots, which help it to anchor itself in soft, muddy substrates.

Deforestation, primarily for agriculture and urban development, has been the leading cause of mangrove degradation in the Caribbean region.

Mangrove deforestation has detrimental impacts on coastal fisheries by reducing nursery habitat, leading to decreased fish populations, increased pollution, and overall disruption of the marine ecosystem.

Heritiera littoralis, commonly known as the looking-glass mangrove, is known for its remarkable tolerance to low oxygen levels, enabling it to survive in waterlogged conditions.

Deforestation, primarily for agriculture and urban development, has been the leading cause of mangrove degradation in the Gulf of Mexico.

Mangrove deforestation exacerbates coastal erosion by increasing erosion rates, reducing sediment trapping, and removing natural barriers that protect coastlines from waves and storms.