Socrates is widely regarded as the father of Western philosophy due to his profound influence on subsequent philosophical thought and his emphasis on critical thinking and ethical inquiry.

Plato's theory of Forms or Ideas posits that there exists a realm of perfect and unchanging Forms, which are the true essence of things in the physical world.

Homer is traditionally credited with authoring the epic poems "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", which are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.

Aristotle's ethical philosophy emphasizes the importance of moderation, balance, and the pursuit of virtue as the means to achieve eudaimonia, or happiness.

Sophocles is the author of the renowned tragedy "Oedipus Rex", which explores themes of fate, free will, and the consequences of one's actions.

Democritus is credited with developing the atomic theory, which posits that all matter is composed of indivisible and indestructible particles called atoms.

Virgil is the author of the epic poem "The Aeneid", which narrates the journey of the Trojan hero Aeneas and the founding of Rome.

Epicurus's ethical philosophy emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as the means to achieve happiness.

Euripides is the author of the tragedy "Medea", which explores themes of revenge, betrayal, and the complexities of human emotions.

Socrates's philosophical teachings emphasize the importance of knowledge, self-awareness, and critical thinking in the pursuit of virtue and ethical living.

Ovid is the author of the epic poem "Metamorphoses", which recounts mythological tales of transformations and changes in form.

Aristotle's ethical theory emphasizes the importance of finding the Golden Mean, or balance, between extremes in order to achieve virtue.

Aristophanes is the author of the comedy "Lysistrata", which satirizes war and promotes peace through a humorous portrayal of women withholding sex from their husbands until they agree to end the conflict.

Aristotle's philosophical teachings emphasize the importance of logic, reason, and empirical observation in understanding the world and acquiring knowledge.

Homer is traditionally credited with authoring the epic poems "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey", which are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.