Economic sociology is a branch of sociology that studies the relationship between economic behavior and social structures. It examines how economic factors, such as markets, firms, and labor, interact with social factors, such as culture, norms, and values, to shape economic outcomes.

Social embeddedness is a key concept in economic sociology that refers to the idea that economic behavior is embedded in social networks and institutions. This means that economic actors are not simply rational individuals making decisions based on self-interest, but are also influenced by their social relationships and the norms and values of the society in which they live.

Social movements play an important role in economic sociology by challenging existing economic structures, promoting social change, advocating for specific economic policies, and raising awareness of economic issues. They can also be a source of new ideas and innovations that can lead to economic transformation.

All of the social movements listed have had a significant impact on economic policy. The labor movement has fought for workers' rights and improved wages and working conditions. The civil rights movement has fought for racial equality and economic justice. The environmental movement has fought for environmental protection and sustainable economic practices. The feminist movement has fought for gender equality and economic empowerment for women.

Economic inequality can lead to social movements that challenge the existing economic system by creating grievances and disaffection among those who are economically disadvantaged. These movements can then mobilize people to take collective action to demand change.

Social movements in the 21st century face a number of challenges, including globalization, technological change, and climate change. Globalization has led to increased interconnectedness and interdependence, which can make it difficult for social movements to organize and mobilize on a global scale. Technological change has also had a significant impact on social movements, by creating new opportunities for organizing and communication, but also by creating new challenges, such as the spread of misinformation and disinformation. Climate change is also a major challenge for social movements, as it threatens the livelihoods and well-being of people around the world.

Economic sociology and social movements will continue to play an important role in shaping the future of society by providing insights into the relationship between economic behavior and social structures, and by challenging existing economic structures and promoting social change. Social movements will also continue to be a source of new ideas and innovations that can lead to economic transformation.