Society's primary function is to establish and enforce rules and norms that govern the behavior of its members, thereby maintaining social order and stability.

Conflict theory posits that society is characterized by inherent conflicts between different groups and classes, which shape social structures and interactions.

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors that are acceptable in their society.

Collective consciousness refers to the shared beliefs, values, and norms that are held by a group of people and shape their collective identity and behavior.

Assimilation is the process by which individuals or groups adopt the values, beliefs, and behaviors of a dominant culture, often at the expense of their own cultural identity.

Social network theory focuses on the role of social networks in shaping individual behavior and opportunities, emphasizing the importance of connections and relationships.

Counterculture refers to the process by which individuals or groups resist or challenge dominant cultural norms and values, often by adopting alternative lifestyles and beliefs.

Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among different groups in society, leading to disparities in wealth, income, education, and access to healthcare.

Social mobility refers to the process by which individuals move from one social class or status to another, either upward or downward.

Social exclusion refers to the exclusion of certain individuals or groups from mainstream society, often due to factors such as poverty, discrimination, or disability.

Acculturation refers to the process by which individuals or groups adapt to new cultural environments, often involving the adoption of new values, beliefs, and behaviors.

Transculturation refers to the blending of elements from two or more cultures, resulting in the creation of a new and distinct cultural identity.

Integration refers to the process by which individuals or groups integrate into a new society while maintaining their own cultural identity, often involving the establishment of cultural enclaves and institutions.

Cultural hegemony refers to the dominant cultural values and beliefs that shape a society's norms and behaviors, often reflecting the interests of the ruling class.

Counterculture refers to the process by which individuals or groups challenge and resist dominant cultural norms and values, often by adopting alternative lifestyles and beliefs.