Personality and Social Psychology

Description: This quiz covers various aspects of Personality and Social Psychology, including theories, research methods, and applications.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: personality social psychology theories research methods applications
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Which theory proposes that personality is shaped by early childhood experiences and unconscious desires?

  1. Humanistic Theory

  2. Behaviorism

  3. Psychodynamic Theory

  4. Social Learning Theory


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Psychodynamic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the role of unconscious desires and early childhood experiences in shaping personality.

What is the term for the tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and our failures to external factors?

  1. Self-Serving Bias

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Illusory Correlation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to our own abilities and negative outcomes to external factors.

Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting?

  1. Laboratory Experiment

  2. Naturalistic Observation

  3. Survey

  4. Case Study


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Naturalistic observation involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting, without manipulating variables.

According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait is characterized by a tendency to be organized, efficient, and reliable?

  1. Extraversion

  2. Agreeableness

  3. Conscientiousness

  4. Neuroticism


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Conscientiousness is one of the Big Five personality traits and is characterized by a tendency to be organized, efficient, and reliable.

What is the term for the tendency to conform to the opinions or behaviors of a group?

  1. Groupthink

  2. Social Facilitation

  3. Social Loafing

  4. Deindividuation


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Groupthink refers to the tendency to conform to the opinions or behaviors of a group, even when those opinions or behaviors are irrational or harmful.

Which theory proposes that our behavior is shaped by the rewards and punishments we receive?

  1. Behaviorism

  2. Humanistic Theory

  3. Psychodynamic Theory

  4. Social Learning Theory


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Behaviorism, developed by John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of rewards and punishments in shaping behavior.

What is the term for the tendency to perceive others as being more similar to ourselves than they actually are?

  1. Illusory Correlation

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Self-Serving Bias


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Illusory correlation refers to the tendency to perceive others as being more similar to ourselves than they actually are.

Which research method involves asking participants to complete a series of questions?

  1. Laboratory Experiment

  2. Naturalistic Observation

  3. Survey

  4. Case Study


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Surveys involve asking participants to complete a series of questions, typically in written form, to gather information about their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.

According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait is characterized by a tendency to be outgoing, sociable, and talkative?

  1. Extraversion

  2. Agreeableness

  3. Conscientiousness

  4. Neuroticism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Extraversion is one of the Big Five personality traits and is characterized by a tendency to be outgoing, sociable, and talkative.

What is the term for the tendency to attribute our failures to internal factors and our successes to external factors?

  1. Self-Serving Bias

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Illusory Correlation


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute our failures to internal factors and our successes to external factors.

Which theory proposes that our personality is shaped by our interactions with others?

  1. Humanistic Theory

  2. Behaviorism

  3. Psychodynamic Theory

  4. Social Learning Theory


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Social learning theory, developed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the role of observation, imitation, and modeling in shaping personality.

What is the term for the tendency to perceive others as being more different from ourselves than they actually are?

  1. Illusory Correlation

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Out-Group Homogeneity Bias


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Out-group homogeneity bias refers to the tendency to perceive others who belong to different groups as being more similar to each other than they actually are.

Which research method involves studying a single individual in depth?

  1. Laboratory Experiment

  2. Naturalistic Observation

  3. Survey

  4. Case Study


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Case studies involve studying a single individual in depth, typically through interviews, observations, and analysis of personal documents.

According to the Big Five personality traits, which trait is characterized by a tendency to be friendly, cooperative, and helpful?

  1. Extraversion

  2. Agreeableness

  3. Conscientiousness

  4. Neuroticism


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Agreeableness is one of the Big Five personality traits and is characterized by a tendency to be friendly, cooperative, and helpful.

What is the term for the tendency to perceive others as being more similar to ourselves than they actually are?

  1. Illusory Correlation

  2. Confirmation Bias

  3. Fundamental Attribution Error

  4. Self-Serving Bias


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Illusory correlation refers to the tendency to perceive others as being more similar to ourselves than they actually are.

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