Ancient Egyptians relied heavily on herbal remedies, believing that plants possessed healing properties.

Hippocrates, a Greek physician, is widely regarded as the father of modern medicine due to his emphasis on observation, diagnosis, and treatment.

The Black Death was a devastating pandemic caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, primarily transmitted through fleas.

Edward Jenner, an English physician, developed the first successful smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century.

Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated globally through a successful vaccination campaign.

Infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, cholera, and typhoid, were the leading cause of death in the 19th century.

Antiseptic surgery, pioneered by Joseph Lister, significantly reduced the risk of infection during surgery.

Penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, was the first antibiotic to be discovered.

The Spanish Flu pandemic was caused by an influenza virus, resulting in an estimated 50-100 million deaths worldwide.

Jonas Salk developed the first successful polio vaccine in the mid-20th century.

X-rays, discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895, revolutionized the diagnosis of internal injuries and diseases.

The first successful kidney transplant was performed in 1954.

Smallpox was the first disease to be eradicated globally through a successful vaccination campaign in the 20th century.

The first successful artificial heart implant was the Jarvik-7 artificial heart in 1982.

Stents, introduced in the late 20th century, revolutionized the treatment of heart attacks by opening up blocked arteries.