Graphene is known for its remarkable electrical conductivity, optical transparency, and mechanical strength, but it does not exhibit magnetic properties.

Shape-memory alloys are commonly used in sensors and actuators due to their ability to change shape in response to external stimuli.

Polyurethane is a type of polymer that exhibits self-healing properties, allowing it to repair damage without external intervention.

Bio-based materials are derived from renewable resources, resulting in a lower carbon footprint compared to traditional materials.

Lithium-ion batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors are all considered promising materials for energy storage due to their high energy density, efficiency, and potential for long-term use.

Nanomaterials face challenges related to high production costs, limited availability of raw materials, and potential health and environmental risks, which require careful consideration and mitigation strategies.

Carbon fiber composites are widely used in aerospace applications due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, making them ideal for lightweight and durable aircraft components.

Self-cleaning materials reduce the need for frequent maintenance and cleaning, leading to cost savings and improved efficiency.

Graphene is a unique material that exhibits exceptional electrical conductivity at room temperature, making it a promising candidate for various electronic applications.

Shape-shifting materials are commonly used in robotics to enable dynamic movement, morphing structures, and adaptation to changing environments.

Metamaterials are known for their ability to exhibit a negative refractive index, allowing for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves in novel ways.

One of the main challenges with bio-based materials is the limited availability of sustainable and scalable raw materials, which can hinder their widespread adoption.

Kevlar is a synthetic fiber that is renowned for its exceptional strength and toughness, making it a valuable material in various applications, including protective clothing, aerospace components, and medical devices.

Biomimicry in materials design offers several advantages, including improved sustainability, enhanced performance, reduced production costs, and inspiration for novel material properties and applications.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, long lifespan, and relatively low self-discharge rate.