Agriculture, particularly the expansion of cropland and grazing land, is the primary driver of deforestation globally.

Deforestation specifically refers to the removal of forest cover for non-forestry uses, such as agriculture.

Commercial farming, particularly the cultivation of cash crops like soybeans, palm oil, and beef, is a major contributor to deforestation in tropical regions.

Deforestation contributes to climate change by releasing carbon dioxide through the burning or decomposition of trees, reducing the Earth's albedo by replacing forests with darker surfaces, and disrupting the water cycle by altering rainfall patterns.

The Amazon rainforest, Congo rainforest, and Borneo rainforest have all experienced significant deforestation in recent decades, primarily due to human activities such as agriculture, mining, and logging.

Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat for numerous plant and animal species, which can result in their extinction. It also disrupts ecological interactions, such as those between predators and prey, and alters the functioning of ecosystems.

Increasing demand for products derived from deforestation, such as certain types of wood or palm oil, can incentivize further deforestation. Promoting sustainable agriculture practices, supporting reforestation and afforestation efforts, and encouraging the use of renewable energy sources are all strategies that can help reduce deforestation.

Reforestation refers to the process of planting trees in areas that have been previously deforested or degraded.

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) includes provisions aimed at reducing deforestation and forest degradation, recognizing the importance of forests for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

Consumers can contribute to reducing deforestation by choosing products that are certified as sustainably sourced, reducing their consumption of products that contribute to deforestation, and supporting organizations that work to protect forests.

Afforestation refers to the process of planting trees in areas that have never been forested before, typically for the purpose of creating new forests.

While climate change can have indirect effects on deforestation, such as through changes in rainfall patterns, it is not a direct driver of deforestation in the same way that human activities like agriculture, mining, and logging are.

Agroforestry refers to the practice of integrating trees into agricultural systems, such as by planting trees alongside crops or in grazing areas.

Agroforestry is generally seen as a sustainable land management practice that can provide a range of benefits, including increased crop yields, improved soil fertility, and reduced erosion. It does not directly contribute to deforestation.

Silviculture refers to the management of forests for sustainable use, including the planting, tending, and harvesting of trees.