Filtration is a physical process that involves passing water through a porous medium, such as a filter membrane or activated carbon, to remove suspended solids and impurities.

Disinfection is a process that aims to kill or inactivate microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, present in water to make it safe for consumption.

Softening is a chemical process that involves removing calcium and magnesium ions from water, typically using ion exchange resins or chemical precipitation methods.

Reverse osmosis is a process that involves passing water through a semipermeable membrane, which allows water molecules to pass through while retaining dissolved impurities and contaminants.

Distillation is not a common residential water treatment system due to its high energy requirements and complexity compared to other methods.

Activated carbon is commonly used in water treatment to adsorb and remove contaminants and impurities, such as chlorine, pesticides, and heavy metals.

Cation exchange water softeners are commonly used in residential applications to remove calcium and magnesium ions from water, replacing them with sodium ions.

Sediment filters are designed to remove suspended solids and particles, such as dirt, sand, and rust, from water.

Ultraviolet disinfection is a common method for disinfecting water in residential applications by exposing it to ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms.

Reverse osmosis membranes are designed to separate dissolved impurities, such as salts, minerals, and contaminants, from water.

Reverse osmosis systems use a semipermeable membrane to separate dissolved impurities from water.

Water softeners are designed to reduce water hardness by removing calcium and magnesium ions.

Distillation is not a common residential water treatment system due to its high energy requirements and complexity compared to other methods.

Sediment filters are designed to remove suspended solids and particles, such as dirt, sand, and rust, from water.

Ultraviolet disinfection is a common method for disinfecting water in residential applications by exposing it to ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms.