The greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.

The pursuit of individual happiness.

The maximization of pleasure and the minimization of pain.

The promotion of virtue and the avoidance of vice.

John Stuart Mill

Jeremy Bentham

David Hume

Adam Smith

Act utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences, while rule utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences of following a rule.

Act utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the individual, while rule utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for society.

Act utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences in the short term, while rule utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences in the long term.

Act utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the majority, while rule utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the minority.

The problem that arises when we try to justify the principle of utility itself using utilitarian principles.

The problem that arises when we try to calculate the amount of happiness produced by an action.

The problem that arises when we try to compare the happiness of different people.

The problem that arises when we try to determine who should be included in the calculation of happiness.

Intrinsic value is the value that something has in itself, while instrumental value is the value that something has as a means to something else.

Intrinsic value is the value that something has for an individual, while instrumental value is the value that something has for society.

Intrinsic value is the value that something has in the short term, while instrumental value is the value that something has in the long term.

Intrinsic value is the value that something has for the majority, while instrumental value is the value that something has for the minority.

The paradox that arises when we try to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

The paradox that arises when we try to compare the happiness of different people.

The paradox that arises when we try to determine who should be included in the calculation of happiness.

The paradox that arises when we try to justify the principle of utility itself using utilitarian principles.

Positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing pleasure, while negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing pain.

Positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing happiness, while negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing suffering.

Positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing well-being, while negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing harm.

Positive utilitarianism focuses on maximizing the good, while negative utilitarianism focuses on minimizing the bad.

Preference utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the preferences of the individuals affected by the action, while desire utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the desires of the individuals affected by the action.

Preference utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the preferences of the majority, while desire utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the desires of the minority.

Preference utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the preferences of the individual performing the action, while desire utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the desires of the individual performing the action.

Preference utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the preferences of the individual affected by the action, while desire utilitarianism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the desires of the individual affected by the action.

Welfarism focuses on maximizing the well-being of individuals, while perfectionism focuses on maximizing the development of human potential.

Welfarism focuses on maximizing the happiness of individuals, while perfectionism focuses on maximizing the flourishing of individuals.

Welfarism focuses on maximizing the pleasure of individuals, while perfectionism focuses on maximizing the virtue of individuals.

Welfarism focuses on maximizing the satisfaction of individuals, while perfectionism focuses on maximizing the fulfillment of individuals.

Consequentialism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences, while deontology evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its intrinsic properties.

Consequentialism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the individual, while deontology evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for society.

Consequentialism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences in the short term, while deontology evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences in the long term.

Consequentialism evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the majority, while deontology evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences for the minority.

Egoism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the agent's own well-being, while altruism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the well-being of others.

Egoism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the agent's own happiness, while altruism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the happiness of others.

Egoism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the agent's own pleasure, while altruism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the pleasure of others.

Egoism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the agent's own satisfaction, while altruism is the ethical theory that holds that the right action is the one that maximizes the satisfaction of others.

Justice is the principle of treating people equally, while fairness is the principle of treating people according to their deserts.

Justice is the principle of treating people according to their needs, while fairness is the principle of treating people according to their contributions.

Justice is the principle of treating people according to their abilities, while fairness is the principle of treating people according to their opportunities.

Justice is the principle of treating people according to their social status, while fairness is the principle of treating people according to their individual characteristics.

Liberty is the freedom to do what one wants, while equality is the state of being equal in status, rights, and opportunities.

Liberty is the freedom to do what one wants, while equality is the state of being equal in wealth and income.

Liberty is the freedom to do what one wants, while equality is the state of being equal in power and influence.

Liberty is the freedom to do what one wants, while equality is the state of being equal in happiness and well-being.

Democracy is a system of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation, while authoritarianism is a system of government in which a single person or a small group of people have the authority to make decisions for the people.

Democracy is a system of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation, while authoritarianism is a system of government in which the military has the authority to make decisions for the people.

Democracy is a system of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation, while authoritarianism is a system of government in which the religious leaders have the authority to make decisions for the people.

Democracy is a system of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation, while authoritarianism is a system of government in which the business leaders have the authority to make decisions for the people.