IPM aims to manage pest populations rather than eliminating them completely, as complete elimination is often impractical and can have unintended consequences.

Birds are not typically considered pests in urban environments, although they can cause problems such as noise and mess.

The first step in an IPM program is to identify the pest problem, including the species of pest, the extent of the infestation, and the potential risks associated with the pest.

Biological control involves the use of natural enemies, such as predators or parasites, to control pest populations.

Sanitation practices, such as proper waste management and regular cleaning, help to reduce the availability of food and shelter for pests, making it less likely for them to establish populations.

Installing screens on windows and doors helps to prevent pests from entering buildings.

IPM emphasizes the use of non-chemical pest control methods and aims to minimize the use of pesticides, which can have harmful effects on the environment and human health.

Favorable weather conditions are not typically a challenge associated with pest control in urban environments, as pests can thrive in a wide range of climates.

Education and outreach play a crucial role in IPM programs by informing the public about the benefits of IPM, encouraging them to adopt IPM practices, and providing training to pest control professionals.

Chemical pesticides are typically used as a last resort in IPM programs, as they can have harmful effects on the environment and human health.

Pest monitoring aims to detect pest infestations early, determine the extent of pest populations, and identify the species of pests present, in order to inform pest management decisions.

Ladybugs, lacewings, and praying mantises are all examples of biological control agents that are commonly used in IPM programs to control pests such as aphids, mites, and caterpillars.

Record-keeping is an important part of IPM programs, as it allows pest managers to document pest infestations, track the effectiveness of pest management strategies, and identify trends in pest populations.

Measuring the cost of pest management is not typically used as a method for evaluating the effectiveness of IPM programs, as it does not provide information about the impact of the program on pest populations or the satisfaction of residents.

IPM programs in urban environments can face a number of challenges, including high cost, lack of political support, and public resistance to the use of non-chemical pest control methods.