Recombinant DNA technology involves combining genetic material from different sources to create new DNA molecules.

Gene therapy aims to treat genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into cells to replace or correct defective genes.

Viral vectors are often used in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes to cells because they can efficiently infect cells and deliver their genetic material.

Biotransformation is the process of using microorganisms or their enzymes to convert one compound into another.

Insulin is a biopharmaceutical product because it is produced using biotechnology techniques, such as recombinant DNA technology.

Stem cell therapy involves using stem cells to replace or repair damaged cells or tissues in the body.

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

Bioprospecting involves searching for new drugs or treatments from natural sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Penicillin is an antibiotic that was discovered from a fungus called Penicillium notatum. It is one of the most important bioprospecting success stories.

Pharmacogenomics involves using genetic information to predict how individuals will respond to different drugs.

The BRCA1 and BRCA2 test is a pharmacogenomic test that can help predict an individual's risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer.

Biodiagnostics involves using biotechnology to develop new diagnostic tools and methods for detecting and diagnosing diseases.

PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test is a biodiagnostic tool that is used to detect the presence of specific DNA or RNA sequences.

Biovaccinology involves using biotechnology to develop new vaccines and immunotherapies for preventing and treating diseases.

HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine is a biovaccinology product that is used to prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases.