State Responsibility

Description: This quiz is designed to assess your understanding of the concept of State Responsibility in International Law.
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: international law state responsibility breach of international obligation reparation attribution
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What is the primary source of international law governing state responsibility?

  1. The United Nations Charter

  2. The International Court of Justice Statute

  3. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

  4. The Articles on State Responsibility


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The Articles on State Responsibility, adopted by the International Law Commission in 2001, are the primary source of international law governing state responsibility.

What are the two main elements of state responsibility?

  1. Breach of an international obligation and damage

  2. Wrongful act and causation

  3. Attribution and reparation

  4. Fault and negligence


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

State responsibility arises when a state breaches an international obligation and causes damage to another state or its nationals.

What is the difference between a breach of an international obligation and a wrongful act?

  1. A breach of an international obligation is always a wrongful act, but a wrongful act is not always a breach of an international obligation.

  2. A wrongful act is always a breach of an international obligation, but a breach of an international obligation is not always a wrongful act.

  3. There is no difference between a breach of an international obligation and a wrongful act.

  4. Both options A and B are correct.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A breach of an international obligation is a wrongful act that is attributable to a state. A wrongful act, on the other hand, is not necessarily attributable to a state and may not give rise to state responsibility.

What are the three main types of reparation for a breach of an international obligation?

  1. Restitution, compensation, and satisfaction

  2. Restitution, compensation, and guarantees of non-repetition

  3. Restitution, compensation, and apologies

  4. Restitution, compensation, and punitive damages


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The three main types of reparation for a breach of an international obligation are restitution, compensation, and satisfaction.

What is the principle of attribution in state responsibility?

  1. A state is responsible for the acts of its organs and officials.

  2. A state is responsible for the acts of its nationals.

  3. A state is responsible for the acts of other states.

  4. A state is responsible for the acts of international organizations.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of attribution in state responsibility holds that a state is responsible for the acts of its organs and officials.

What are the two main defenses to a claim of state responsibility?

  1. Force majeure and distress

  2. Necessity and self-defense

  3. Consent and waiver

  4. Estoppel and prescription


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

The two main defenses to a claim of state responsibility are necessity and self-defense.

What is the difference between necessity and self-defense in state responsibility?

  1. Necessity is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is otherwise wrongful, while self-defense is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is not otherwise wrongful.

  2. Necessity is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is otherwise wrongful, while self-defense is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is not otherwise wrongful.

  3. There is no difference between necessity and self-defense in state responsibility.

  4. Both options A and B are correct.


Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

Necessity is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is otherwise wrongful, while self-defense is a defense to a claim of state responsibility for an act that is not otherwise wrongful.

What is the principle of proportionality in state responsibility?

  1. The measures taken by a state in response to a breach of an international obligation must be proportionate to the seriousness of the breach.

  2. The measures taken by a state in response to a breach of an international obligation must be proportionate to the damage caused by the breach.

  3. The measures taken by a state in response to a breach of an international obligation must be proportionate to the resources of the state.

  4. The measures taken by a state in response to a breach of an international obligation must be proportionate to the measures taken by the other state.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of proportionality in state responsibility holds that the measures taken by a state in response to a breach of an international obligation must be proportionate to the seriousness of the breach.

What is the principle of non-discrimination in state responsibility?

  1. A state must not discriminate between its own nationals and the nationals of other states in the application of its laws and regulations.

  2. A state must not discriminate between different groups of its own nationals in the application of its laws and regulations.

  3. A state must not discriminate between different states in the application of its laws and regulations.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of non-discrimination in state responsibility holds that a state must not discriminate between its own nationals and the nationals of other states, between different groups of its own nationals, or between different states in the application of its laws and regulations.

What is the principle of exhaustion of local remedies in state responsibility?

  1. A state must exhaust all available domestic remedies before it can bring a claim against another state for a breach of an international obligation.

  2. A state must exhaust all available domestic remedies before it can bring a claim against another state for a wrongful act.

  3. A state must exhaust all available domestic remedies before it can bring a claim against another state for a breach of a treaty.

  4. A state must exhaust all available domestic remedies before it can bring a claim against another state for a violation of human rights.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of exhaustion of local remedies in state responsibility holds that a state must exhaust all available domestic remedies before it can bring a claim against another state for a breach of an international obligation.

What is the principle of diplomatic protection in state responsibility?

  1. A state has the right to protect its nationals against injuries suffered in another state.

  2. A state has the right to protect its nationals against injuries suffered in another state, even if the injuries are caused by the acts of that state.

  3. A state has the right to protect its nationals against injuries suffered in another state, even if the injuries are caused by the acts of a private individual.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of diplomatic protection in state responsibility holds that a state has the right to protect its nationals against injuries suffered in another state, even if the injuries are caused by the acts of that state or by the acts of a private individual.

What is the principle of state immunity in state responsibility?

  1. A state is immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state.

  2. A state is immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state, even if the state has consented to the jurisdiction.

  3. A state is immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state, even if the state has waived its immunity.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of state immunity in state responsibility holds that a state is immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of another state, even if the state has consented to the jurisdiction or waived its immunity.

What are the exceptions to the principle of state immunity in state responsibility?

  1. Commercial activities

  2. Maritime torts

  3. Personal injuries

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The exceptions to the principle of state immunity in state responsibility include commercial activities, maritime torts, and personal injuries.

What is the principle of universal jurisdiction in state responsibility?

  1. A state has the right to exercise jurisdiction over crimes that are considered to be of universal concern, regardless of where the crimes were committed.

  2. A state has the right to exercise jurisdiction over crimes that are considered to be of universal concern, even if the crimes were committed by its own nationals.

  3. A state has the right to exercise jurisdiction over crimes that are considered to be of universal concern, even if the crimes were committed in another state.

  4. All of the above.


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The principle of universal jurisdiction in state responsibility holds that a state has the right to exercise jurisdiction over crimes that are considered to be of universal concern, regardless of where the crimes were committed, by whom they were committed, or against whom they were committed.

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