Empiricism is a philosophical school of thought that emphasizes the importance of experience as the primary source of knowledge.

John Locke is widely regarded as the father of empiricism due to his influential work, "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", which emphasized the role of experience in acquiring knowledge.

Empiricism asserts that knowledge is primarily derived from sensory experience and observation of the external world.

In empiricism, reason plays a secondary role in organizing, interpreting, and synthesizing sensory experiences to form knowledge.

A common criticism of empiricism is that it overlooks the potential role of innate knowledge and intuition in the acquisition of knowledge.

Immanuel Kant argued that experience is necessary but not sufficient for knowledge, as it must be structured and organized by the categories of the understanding.

Induction is the process of reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion based on experience.

The problem of induction refers to the difficulty of justifying the belief that general statements about the world, derived from past experiences, will hold true in the future.

John Locke argued that all knowledge is derived from experience and that there are no innate ideas.

Sensualism is a philosophical theory that emphasizes the role of sensory experience in acquiring knowledge.

David Hume argued that experience is subjective and that reality is fundamentally unknowable.

Introspectionism is a philosophical theory that emphasizes the role of introspection in acquiring knowledge.

Immanuel Kant argued that experience is the source of all knowledge but that reason is necessary to organize and interpret it.

Rationalism is a philosophical theory that emphasizes the role of reason in acquiring knowledge.

David Hume argued that experience is the source of all knowledge and that reason is unreliable.