The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, adopted in 1961, is the primary international legal framework that specifically addresses the issue of statelessness. It sets out a comprehensive framework for preventing and reducing statelessness, including obligations on states to grant nationality to individuals at birth and to avoid creating new stateless persons.

According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there are an estimated 15 million stateless persons worldwide. This number is likely an underestimate, as statelessness is often difficult to identify and document.

Refugees, internally displaced persons, and minorities are all groups of people who are particularly vulnerable to statelessness. This is because they may be denied nationality by their country of origin, or they may be unable to obtain nationality in their country of residence.

Stateless minorities often face discrimination and social exclusion, as well as lack of access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and employment. They may also have difficulty obtaining employment, as they may not be able to obtain the necessary documentation.

The UNHCR plays a crucial role in addressing statelessness by providing protection and assistance to stateless persons, promoting the implementation of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, and advocating for the rights of stateless persons.

The #IBelong Campaign is a global campaign launched by the UNHCR in 2014 with the aim of ending statelessness by 2024. The campaign brings together governments, civil society organizations, and individuals to work towards this goal.

National governments have a crucial role to play in addressing statelessness by enacting and implementing laws to prevent and reduce statelessness, providing protection and assistance to stateless persons, and cooperating with other governments and international organizations to address statelessness.

Some of the best practices for preventing and reducing statelessness include granting nationality to children born to stateless parents, avoiding the creation of new stateless persons through changes in nationality laws, and facilitating the naturalization of stateless persons.

Some of the challenges in addressing statelessness include lack of political will, insufficient resources, discrimination and xenophobia, and the complex nature of statelessness itself.

Addressing statelessness is important for protecting the human rights of stateless persons, promoting social cohesion and stability, and preventing statelessness from becoming a source of conflict.