The superior colliculus is a midbrain structure that plays a crucial role in orienting attention, particularly in response to visual stimuli.

The dorsal attention network, consisting of regions such as the frontal eye fields and the intraparietal sulcus, is responsible for top-down attentional control, including voluntary shifts of attention.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in attention, arousal, and cognitive control.

Attentional modulation refers to the selective enhancement of neural activity in brain regions relevant to the attended stimulus or task.

Gamma waves, typically in the range of 30-100 Hz, are associated with focused attention and cognitive processing.

Attentional capture refers to the involuntary shifting of attention towards salient or unexpected stimuli, often disrupting ongoing cognitive processes.

The anterior cingulate cortex is associated with maintaining sustained attention, particularly in tasks requiring continuous monitoring and response inhibition.

Divided attention refers to the ability to allocate attention to multiple tasks or stimuli at once, although performance on each task may be compromised.

Dopamine dysregulation is associated with attentional deficits and hyperactivity disorders, such as ADHD, affecting attentional control and reward processing.

The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in error detection and monitoring, signaling the need for attentional adjustments and cognitive control.

The ventral striatum, particularly the nucleus accumbens, is involved in reward processing and plays a role in attentional allocation based on reward value.

Attentional orienting refers to the involuntary shifting of attention towards novel or unexpected stimuli, facilitating rapid responses to environmental changes.

The dorsal attention network, particularly the frontal eye fields and the intraparietal sulcus, is involved in the inhibition of irrelevant information and distractions, enhancing attentional focus.

Sustained attention refers to the ability to maintain attention on a specific task or stimulus over an extended period, resisting distractions and lapses in concentration.

Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is associated with arousal and alertness, influencing attentional processes by enhancing focus and cognitive performance.