Hydropower utilizes the energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity.

Impoundment hydropower plants store water behind a dam, creating a reservoir, and release it through turbines to generate electricity.

Pumped-storage hydropower plants use pumps to move water from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir during times of low electricity demand, and then release the water through turbines to generate electricity during times of high demand.

Tidal hydropower plants use the energy of the tides to generate electricity by capturing the incoming and outgoing tides in a basin or reservoir.

Installed capacity refers to the maximum amount of electrical power that a hydropower plant can generate under ideal conditions.

The construction of large hydropower dams can have various environmental impacts, including reduced water quality, habitat fragmentation for aquatic species, and increased greenhouse gas emissions due to the decomposition of organic matter in reservoirs.

Capacity factor is the ratio of the actual energy output of a hydropower plant over a period of time to its theoretical maximum energy output during that same period.

China is the largest producer of hydropower in the world, accounting for over a quarter of the global hydropower generation.

Base flow refers to the minimum amount of water flow in a river or stream that is maintained during dry periods and is essential for the efficient operation of hydropower plants.

The Nile River Basin Initiative is an international treaty that governs the use of water resources in the Nile River Basin and aims to promote cooperation and sustainable development among the riparian countries.

Environmental flow refers to the release of water from a hydropower dam to maintain downstream water levels and support aquatic ecosystems, ensuring the ecological health of the river.

Run-of-the-river hydropower plants utilize the natural flow of a river without the need for a dam, capturing the kinetic energy of the flowing water to generate electricity.

Pumping in a pumped-storage hydropower plant involves using excess electricity from the grid during off-peak hours to pump water from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir, storing potential energy for later use during peak demand periods.

The construction of tidal hydropower plants can have various environmental impacts, including habitat alteration, increased sedimentation, and disruption of fish migration patterns.

Water law refers to the legal framework that governs the use and management of water resources, including the development and operation of hydropower plants.