Urbanization is the process of population concentration in urban areas, typically characterized by the growth of cities and towns.

Monaco has the highest urbanization rate in the world, with nearly 100% of its population living in urban areas.

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, including from rural areas to urban areas.

Natural disasters are not typically considered a factor contributing to urbanization, although they can lead to displacement and migration.

Urban sprawl is the process of urban areas expanding into surrounding rural areas, often characterized by low-density development and increased commuting times.

Urban areas are typically characterized by high population density, diverse economic activities, and access to public transportation, but not necessarily limited green space.

Urban renewal is the process of improving and upgrading urban areas, often involving the demolition of old buildings and the construction of new ones.

Increased sense of community is not typically considered a challenge associated with urbanization, although it can be a positive outcome of urban living.

Inter-urban migration is the process of moving from one urban area to another.

Villages are typically considered rural settlements, not urban settlements.

Zoning is the process of dividing a city into smaller administrative units, each with its own set of land use regulations.

Personal vehicles are not considered a type of urban transportation system, although they are commonly used for transportation in urban areas.

Annexation is the process of converting rural land into urban land, typically through a vote by the local government.

Declining birth rates are not typically considered a factor contributing to the growth of megacities.

Counter-urbanization is the process of moving from an urban area to a rural area.