Climate governance aims to address the root causes of climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit global warming and its associated impacts.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, sets a global framework to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

NDCs are national plans that outline each country's intended actions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.

The UNFCCC is the international body responsible for coordinating global action to address climate change, including the implementation of the Paris Agreement.

The principle of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' recognizes that developed countries have a greater responsibility to address climate change due to their historical emissions and higher levels of development.

Adaptation in climate governance involves taking measures to reduce the vulnerability of human and natural systems to the impacts of climate change, such as building resilience and implementing adaptation strategies.

Long-term climate goals, such as net-zero emissions by 2050, provide a clear direction for climate action and help countries align their policies and strategies to achieve a sustainable future.

Climate finance plays a crucial role in supporting developing countries in their efforts to mitigate climate change, adapt to its impacts, and transition to a low-carbon economy.

Transparency and accountability are essential for effective climate governance as they allow countries to track progress, identify areas for improvement, and hold each other accountable for their commitments.

Civil society and NGOs play a vital role in climate governance by raising awareness, advocating for ambitious climate action, monitoring progress, and providing expertise and support to governments and international organizations.

Just transition in climate governance refers to a transition to a low-carbon economy that takes into account the social and economic impacts on workers, communities, and vulnerable populations, ensuring that the benefits of the transition are shared equitably.

International cooperation is essential in climate governance as climate change is a global challenge that requires collective action. Cooperation allows countries to share knowledge, resources, and best practices, and to work together to address the challenges of climate change.

Subnational governments and cities play a significant role in climate governance by implementing climate policies and actions at the local level, advocating for ambitious climate action at higher levels of government, and collaborating with other cities and regions to share best practices and drive progress.

Public engagement and participation are crucial in climate governance as they help raise awareness about climate change, gather public input and feedback on climate policies and actions, and build public support for climate action, leading to more effective and inclusive climate governance.

Technology and innovation play a vital role in climate governance by enabling the development and deployment of low-carbon technologies, improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions, and supporting adaptation to the impacts of climate change.