The primary goals of a healthcare system typically focus on improving health outcomes, ensuring accessibility, and managing costs, rather than maximizing profits for healthcare providers.

Scarcity in healthcare refers to the limited availability of resources, such as healthcare professionals, hospital beds, and medical equipment, relative to the demand for healthcare services.

In a single-payer system, the government is the sole payer for healthcare services, ensuring universal access and eliminating the need for private health insurance.

Copayment refers to the fixed amount paid by individuals for each healthcare service, such as a doctor's visit or prescription drug.

Capitation is a payment method used in healthcare, where a fixed amount is paid per patient, regardless of the services provided. It is not a type of health insurance plan.

Rationing in healthcare refers to the process of allocating scarce resources among competing demands, often based on factors such as medical need, cost-effectiveness, and equity.

Decreased government regulation is not typically considered a factor that contributes to the rising cost of healthcare. In fact, government regulations often aim to control healthcare costs.

Moral hazard in healthcare refers to the situation where individuals consume more healthcare services than they would if they had to pay the full cost, due to the presence of insurance or other forms of financial protection.

Universal healthcare coverage typically does not guarantee greater choice of healthcare providers, as it often involves centralized decision-making and standardized care.

Adverse selection in healthcare refers to the situation where individuals with higher healthcare needs are more likely to enroll in health insurance plans, leading to higher premiums for everyone.

Improved access to healthcare services is typically a goal of government intervention in healthcare markets, rather than a challenge.

Asymmetric information in healthcare refers to the situation where healthcare providers have more information about their patients' health conditions than the patients themselves, leading to potential problems such as overtreatment or undertreatment.

Greater choice of healthcare providers is not necessarily a benefit of market competition in healthcare, as it may lead to fragmentation and unequal access to care.

Capitation in healthcare refers to the payment method where healthcare providers are paid a fixed amount per patient, regardless of the services provided.

Improved healthcare technology is not a challenge associated with the aging population in terms of healthcare, but rather a potential solution to address the increased demand and rising costs.