Public health focuses on preventing disease and promoting health through population-based interventions, rather than providing medical care to individuals.

Research is not a core function of public health, although it is an important activity that supports public health practice.

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 18.6 million deaths in 2019.

Physical activity is not a risk factor for heart disease, but rather a protective factor.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, accounting for an estimated 2.2 million deaths in 2020.

Air pollution is not a major risk factor for lung cancer, although it can contribute to the development of other respiratory diseases.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children under the age of 5, accounting for an estimated 1.4 million deaths in 2019.

Vaccination is not a risk factor for pneumonia, but rather a protective factor.

Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide.

Breastfeeding is not a risk factor for diarrhea, but rather a protective factor.

Plasmodium falciparum is the most common cause of malaria, accounting for an estimated 90% of cases worldwide.

Taking antimalarial medication is not a risk factor for malaria, but rather a protective factor.

Measles virus is the most common cause of measles.

Traveling to a measles-endemic area is not a major risk factor for measles, although it can increase the risk of exposure to the virus.

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent public health diseases, as it provides immunity to specific diseases.