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Metaethics: Moral Virtue Ethics vs. Utilitarianism

Description: Metaethics: Moral Virtue Ethics vs. Utilitarianism
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: metaethics moral virtue ethics utilitarianism
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Which ethical theory emphasizes the development of virtuous character as the foundation of moral conduct?

  1. Moral Virtue Ethics

  2. Utilitarianism

  3. Deontology

  4. Existentialism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics, rooted in the teachings of Aristotle, holds that virtuous actions stem from virtuous character traits, rather than external consequences or rules.

According to Utilitarianism, the morally right action is the one that produces the greatest amount of:

  1. Happiness

  2. Wealth

  3. Power

  4. Knowledge


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Utilitarianism, as propounded by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, asserts that the morally right action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being.

In Moral Virtue Ethics, the virtues are considered to be:

  1. Innate qualities

  2. Acquired habits

  3. Divine commandments

  4. Social conventions


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics posits that virtues are not inherent traits but rather habits cultivated through practice and repetition.

Utilitarianism's focus on maximizing overall happiness is often criticized for:

  1. Ignoring the rights of individuals

  2. Promoting selfish behavior

  3. Failing to account for justice

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Critics of Utilitarianism argue that it may overlook individual rights, encourage self-interested actions, and struggle to address issues of fairness and justice.

Moral Virtue Ethics emphasizes the importance of:

  1. Developing a strong moral character

  2. Following universal moral rules

  3. Considering the consequences of actions

  4. Acting in accordance with one's desires


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics places central importance on cultivating a virtuous character, which is seen as the foundation for making morally good choices.

Which ethical theory is more concerned with the intrinsic value of actions rather than their consequences?

  1. Moral Virtue Ethics

  2. Utilitarianism

  3. Deontology

  4. Hedonism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics emphasizes the inherent goodness or badness of actions, independent of their outcomes, while Utilitarianism focuses primarily on the consequences of actions.

In Utilitarianism, the principle of utility is often expressed mathematically as:

  1. U = Σ(H_i - S_i)

  2. U = Σ(H_i / S_i)

  3. U = Σ(H_i * S_i)

  4. U = Σ(H_i + S_i)


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of utility, as formulated by Bentham, is often represented mathematically as U = Σ(H_i - S_i), where U is the total utility, H_i is the happiness of individual i, and S_i is the suffering of individual i.

Moral Virtue Ethics is often associated with the philosophical school of:

  1. Stoicism

  2. Epicureanism

  3. Aristotelianism

  4. Platonism


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics finds its roots in the teachings of Aristotle, who emphasized the importance of developing virtuous character traits for ethical living.

Utilitarianism's emphasis on maximizing overall happiness may lead to:

  1. Sacrificing the interests of individuals for the greater good

  2. Promoting actions that benefit the majority at the expense of the minority

  3. Ignoring the importance of justice and fairness

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Critics argue that Utilitarianism's focus on maximizing overall happiness can lead to situations where the rights and interests of individuals are compromised for the sake of the greater good.

Moral Virtue Ethics is primarily concerned with:

  1. Developing a virtuous character

  2. Following moral rules and principles

  3. Maximizing overall happiness

  4. Fulfilling one's desires and inclinations


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics places central importance on cultivating a virtuous character, which is seen as the foundation for making morally good choices.

Which ethical theory is more concerned with the consequences of actions rather than the intrinsic value of actions?

  1. Moral Virtue Ethics

  2. Utilitarianism

  3. Deontology

  4. Hedonism


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Utilitarianism emphasizes the importance of considering the consequences of actions and maximizing overall happiness, while Moral Virtue Ethics focuses on developing a virtuous character.

In Moral Virtue Ethics, the virtues are seen as:

  1. Innate qualities

  2. Acquired habits

  3. Divine commandments

  4. Social conventions


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics posits that virtues are not inherent traits but rather habits cultivated through practice and repetition.

Utilitarianism's focus on maximizing overall happiness is often criticized for:

  1. Ignoring the rights of individuals

  2. Promoting selfish behavior

  3. Failing to account for justice

  4. All of the above


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Critics of Utilitarianism argue that it may overlook individual rights, encourage self-interested actions, and struggle to address issues of fairness and justice.

Moral Virtue Ethics emphasizes the importance of:

  1. Developing a strong moral character

  2. Following universal moral rules

  3. Considering the consequences of actions

  4. Acting in accordance with one's desires


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics places central importance on cultivating a virtuous character, which is seen as the foundation for making morally good choices.

Which ethical theory is more concerned with the intrinsic value of actions rather than their consequences?

  1. Moral Virtue Ethics

  2. Utilitarianism

  3. Deontology

  4. Hedonism


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Moral Virtue Ethics emphasizes the inherent goodness or badness of actions, independent of their outcomes, while Utilitarianism focuses primarily on the consequences of actions.

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