While income level can impact access to healthcare and nutrition, it is not a direct determinant of sexual and reproductive health.

Malnutrition can have a wide range of negative impacts on sexual and reproductive health, including impaired growth and development of reproductive organs, increased risk of STIs, and complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Iron, iodine, zinc, and vitamin A are all essential micronutrients for sexual and reproductive health. Iron is necessary for the production of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the reproductive organs. Iodine is important for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism and growth. Zinc is involved in the production of sperm and testosterone. Vitamin A is essential for the development of the reproductive organs and the maintenance of a healthy immune system.

Access to healthcare can improve sexual and reproductive health by providing access to contraception and family planning services, screening and treatment for STIs, prenatal care and delivery services, and other essential services.

All of the options are sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Education can improve sexual and reproductive health by providing information about contraception and family planning, STIs and how to prevent them, and helping people develop critical thinking skills to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.

Unintended pregnancy can lead to increased risk of maternal mortality, infant mortality, and poverty, but it is not associated with increased risk of educational attainment.

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, accounting for approximately 27% of all maternal deaths.

Comprehensive sexual and reproductive health education should provide information about contraception and family planning, STIs and how to prevent them, and gender equality and human rights, but it should not promote abstinence as the only or best way to prevent pregnancy and STIs.

The target set by the SDGs for reducing MMR is less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Promoting abstinence as the only way to prevent pregnancy and STIs is not a key strategy for improving sexual and reproductive health, as it is unrealistic and does not provide people with the information and tools they need to make informed decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.

The estimated number of unintended pregnancies worldwide each year is 121 million.

While high levels of poverty and inequality can contribute to unintended pregnancy, they are not a direct cause. The other options are all key factors contributing to the high rates of unintended pregnancy in developing countries.

The estimated number of maternal deaths worldwide each year is 287,000.

Promoting home births is not a key strategy for reducing maternal mortality, as it can increase the risk of complications and death.