Economic disparities are not a direct factor in the development of racial and ethnic identities. However, they can contribute to social and political divisions that can lead to the formation of racial and ethnic groups.

The primary motivation for European colonialism and imperialism in the 15th and 16th centuries was economic exploitation. European powers sought to acquire new lands and resources to expand their wealth and power.

Colonialism and imperialism contributed to the development of racial hierarchies by creating a system of racial segregation. European powers often divided their colonies into racial categories and imposed laws that restricted the rights and opportunities of non-European peoples.

A racial stereotype is a widely held belief about the characteristics of a particular racial group. The statement "All Asians are good at math" is an example of a racial stereotype because it attributes a specific characteristic (being good at math) to all members of a racial group (Asians).

The primary goal of the civil rights movement in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s was to achieve racial integration. Civil rights activists fought to end segregation and discrimination against Black people and to ensure that they had the same rights and opportunities as White people.

Affirmative action is a policy that aims to promote racial equality by giving preferential treatment to members of historically disadvantaged groups in areas such as education and employment.

Racism is the belief that one's own race or ethnicity is superior to others. It is a form of discrimination that can lead to prejudice, hatred, and violence.

A hate crime is a crime that is motivated by prejudice or hatred towards a particular group of people. Assaulting someone, using racial slurs, and refusing to serve someone in a restaurant because of their race or ethnicity are all examples of hate crimes.

Assimilation is the process by which racial and ethnic groups become more similar to each other over time. It can involve the adoption of the dominant culture's language, customs, and values.

The United States is a multiracial society because it is home to people of many different races and ethnicities. Japan, Sweden, and Saudi Arabia are not multiracial societies because they are predominantly populated by people of one race or ethnicity.

Race and ethnic studies is the study of race and ethnicity. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws on sociology, anthropology, history, and other disciplines to examine the social, cultural, and political aspects of race and ethnicity.

The N-word, the C-word, and the J-word are all racial slurs. They are offensive and derogatory terms that are used to denigrate people of particular racial or ethnic groups.

Anti-racism is the belief that all races and ethnicities are equal. It is the opposite of racism.

Segregation is a policy that separates people of different races or ethnicities from each other. It can be enforced through laws, social customs, or economic practices.

Differentiation is the process by which racial and ethnic groups become more distinct from each other over time. It can involve the development of different languages, customs, and values.