Convolutional layers are designed to identify and extract important features from the input data, such as edges, shapes, and patterns.

Pooling layers are used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature maps by combining neighboring pixels into a single value, thereby reducing the computational cost and preventing overfitting.

Fully connected layers are used at the end of a CNN to perform classification or regression tasks. They take the flattened output of the convolutional and pooling layers and use it to make predictions.

ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) is a popular activation function used in convolutional layers due to its computational efficiency and ability to prevent vanishing gradients.

Dropout is a technique used to prevent overfitting in CNNs by randomly dropping out some neurons during training. This helps the model learn more generalizable features.

Random cropping, random flipping, and color jittering are all data augmentation techniques used to increase the diversity of the training data and prevent overfitting.

CNNs are specifically designed to learn local features in images, making them more efficient and effective for image recognition tasks compared to MLPs.

YOLO (You Only Look Once) is a popular CNN architecture specifically designed for object detection tasks. It is known for its speed and accuracy in detecting objects in real-time.

The softmax layer is used at the end of a CNN to convert the output of the fully connected layer into probabilities, which are then used to make predictions.

ResNet (Residual Network) is a deep CNN architecture that uses residual connections to alleviate the vanishing gradient problem and improve the accuracy of the model.

Batch normalization is a technique used in CNNs to accelerate training, improve generalization performance, and prevent overfitting.

Inception is a CNN architecture that uses inception modules to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the model. Inception modules combine convolutional layers of different sizes to capture features at multiple scales.

Transfer learning is a technique used in CNNs to reuse pre-trained models for new tasks, reducing training time, improving accuracy, and accelerating the development of new models.

Xception is a CNN architecture that uses depthwise separable convolutions and dilated convolutions to achieve high accuracy with reduced computational cost.

The global average pooling layer is used to reduce the dimensionality of the feature maps by averaging the values of each feature map across the spatial dimensions.