Cultural hegemony is primarily maintained through ideological consent, whereby the dominant class's values, beliefs, and norms are internalized by the subordinate classes, leading to their acceptance of the existing social order.

Antonio Gramsci is widely regarded as the primary theorist of cultural hegemony, having developed the concept in his writings on the Italian working class and the rise of fascism.

The media often plays a significant role in maintaining cultural hegemony by disseminating dominant ideologies and values, shaping public opinion, and marginalizing alternative viewpoints.

Cultural hegemony can be challenged and resisted through various means, including education and critical thinking, political activism and protest, and cultural production that promotes alternative narratives and values.

Cultural hegemony can both perpetuate existing inequalities and facilitate the emergence of new social movements, depending on the specific context and the strategies employed by dominant and subordinate groups.

All of the options provided are examples of cultural hegemony, as they represent the dominance of certain values, beliefs, and practices that serve the interests of the dominant class.

Cultural hegemony contributes to the maintenance of social order by promoting social cohesion, preventing social conflict, and legitimizing the authority of the ruling class.

Cultural hegemony and ideology are distinct but related concepts, with cultural hegemony referring to the process by which dominant ideologies are maintained and reproduced, while ideology refers to the specific beliefs, values, and assumptions that shape people's understanding of the world.

Cultural hegemony can be used to promote social change by challenging dominant ideologies and values, creating counter-hegemonic narratives and practices, and empowering marginalized groups to assert their own cultural identities.

Cultural hegemony as a theory of social change has limitations, including its neglect of economic and political factors, its assumption of the dominance of ideology, and its disregard for individual and group agency in resisting cultural hegemony.