Behaviorism, particularly through the work of B.F. Skinner, focuses on the relationship between observable behaviors, environmental stimuli, and reinforcement in shaping learning.

Accommodation involves modifying existing schemas to fit new information, allowing for cognitive growth and adaptation.

Scaffolding involves providing temporary support and guidance to learners, gradually reducing it as they become more competent.

Constructivism, associated with theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky, emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing knowledge through interactions with the environment and social experiences.

Modeling involves learning through observing and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and actions of others.

Humanistic Learning Theory, associated with theorists like Maslow and Rogers, emphasizes the importance of motivation, self-actualization, and intrinsic factors in shaping learning.

Positive reinforcement involves increasing the frequency of a desired behavior by providing positive consequences, such as rewards or praise.

Extinction occurs when a learned response gradually disappears due to the absence of reinforcement.

Cognitivism emphasizes the role of mental processes, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, in shaping learning.

A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, after being paired with a meaningful stimulus, elicits a conditioned response.

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that naturally and automatically elicits a response, known as the unconditioned response.

Social Learning Theory emphasizes the importance of social interactions, observation, and imitation in shaping learning.

Assimilation involves actively constructing knowledge by incorporating new information into existing schemas.

Equilibration is the process of maintaining a balance between assimilation and accommodation in cognitive development.

Humanistic Learning Theory emphasizes the importance of self-directed learning and the learner's active role in the learning process.