The achievement gap is the difference in academic performance between students of different races. It is a persistent problem in the United States, with Black and Hispanic students consistently scoring lower than White students on standardized tests.

School segregation is the separation of students of different races into different schools. It was a common practice in the United States until the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which declared school segregation to be unconstitutional.

Race is a major factor in educational outcomes. Students of color are more likely to attend underfunded schools, have less access to quality teachers, and face discrimination from their peers and teachers. These factors contribute to the achievement gap and the lower educational attainment rates of students of color.

There are a number of policies that have been proposed to address racial differences in education. These include school vouchers, charter schools, and affirmative action. School vouchers allow parents to use public funds to send their children to private schools. Charter schools are public schools that are independently operated and are often free from some of the regulations that apply to traditional public schools. Affirmative action is a policy that gives preferential treatment to members of underrepresented groups in order to increase their representation in education, employment, and other areas.

There are a number of challenges to addressing racial differences in education. The achievement gap is large and persistent. School segregation is entrenched in many communities. And the role of race in educational outcomes is complex and multifaceted. These challenges make it difficult to develop and implement effective policies to address racial differences in education.