Deafness is the most common type of sensory impairment that affects musicians, with approximately 1 in 10 musicians experiencing some degree of hearing loss.

Ludwig van Beethoven is the most famous composer who was deaf. He began to lose his hearing in his late 20s and was completely deaf by the age of 50. Despite his deafness, he continued to compose some of the most iconic works in classical music.

Tactile music is a musical composition that is specifically designed for deaf or hard of hearing individuals. It is typically created using vibrations, textures, and other tactile elements that can be felt through the skin.

The Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) is a UK-based organization that promotes music education and performance opportunities for blind and visually impaired musicians. It offers a range of services, including music lessons, workshops, and concerts.

Braille music notation is a system of raised dots that represents musical notes and symbols. It allows blind or visually impaired musicians to read music notation by touch.

The Deaf Way Ensemble is a musical ensemble that consists entirely of deaf or hard of hearing musicians. It was founded in 2000 and has performed at venues around the world.

Stevie Wonder is a famous singer-songwriter who is blind. He has released over 30 albums and won numerous awards, including 25 Grammy Awards.

Visual music is a musical composition that is specifically designed for blind or visually impaired individuals. It typically uses visual elements, such as colors, shapes, and patterns, to represent musical sounds and structures.

Visual tuners are assistive technology devices that allow deaf or hard of hearing musicians to tune their instruments. They typically use visual feedback, such as lights or meters, to indicate the pitch of the instrument.

The Musicians Union (MU) is a UK-based organization that provides support and resources for musicians with disabilities. It offers a range of services, including legal advice, financial assistance, and access to specialist equipment.

George Shearing is a famous pianist who is blind. He began losing his sight at the age of 10 and was completely blind by the age of 21. Despite his blindness, he went on to become a successful jazz pianist and composer.

Adaptive music is a musical composition that is specifically designed for individuals with intellectual disabilities. It typically uses simple melodies, clear rhythms, and repetitive patterns to make it easier for individuals with intellectual disabilities to understand and enjoy.

Tactile transducers are assistive technology devices that allow deaf or hard of hearing musicians to feel the vibrations of music. They typically use a combination of tactile and auditory feedback to create a more immersive musical experience.

The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) is a professional organization that promotes music therapy for individuals with disabilities. It offers a range of services, including education, research, and advocacy.

Gustavo Dudamel is a famous conductor who is deaf. He was born with a hearing impairment and lost all hearing in his left ear at the age of 18. Despite his deafness, he went on to become one of the most celebrated conductors in the world.