HAL 9000 is the iconic sentient computer in Arthur C. Clarke's '2001: A Space Odyssey' and its sequels.

Terminus is the planet where the Second Foundation is hidden in Isaac Asimov's 'Foundation' series.

Gethen is the planet where the inhabitants are ambisexual in Ursula K. Le Guin's 'The Left Hand of Darkness'.

In Douglas Adams' 'The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy', the answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything is '42'.

Green Bluff is the first Martian city established by human colonists in Ray Bradbury's 'The Martian Chronicles'.

Valentine Michael Smith is the Martian who is raised by humans and becomes a symbol of peace and understanding in Robert A. Heinlein's 'Stranger in a Strange Land'.

The Oankali are the alien race that genetically engineers humans to adapt to a new environment in Octavia E. Butler's 'Xenogenesis' trilogy.

Malacandra is the name of the planet where Ransom encounters intelligent extraterrestrial life in C.S. Lewis' 'Out of the Silent Planet'.

The Voight-Kampff Test is the empathy-testing device used to distinguish humans from androids in Philip K. Dick's 'Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?'.

Solaris is the name of the sentient ocean that covers the planet Solaris and communicates with the human crew in Stanislaw Lem's 'Solaris'.

The Heat-Ray is the Martian weapon that causes widespread destruction on Earth in H.G. Wells' 'The War of the Worlds'.

Titan is the planet where the protagonist, Malachi Constant, is sent on a mission to find the meaning of life in Kurt Vonnegut's 'The Sirens of Titan'.

Rama is the name of the mysterious alien spacecraft that enters the solar system in Arthur C. Clarke's 'Rendezvous with Rama'.

The Buggers are the alien species that humanity is at war with in Orson Scott Card's 'Ender's Game'.

The three laws of robotics in Isaac Asimov's 'I, Robot' are: 1. A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.