Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for an estimated 17.9 million deaths in 2019.

The primary goal of public health is to prevent diseases and promote health through population-based interventions.

Vaccination, health education, and clean water and sanitation are all examples of public health interventions that aim to prevent diseases and promote health.

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and patterns of health and disease in a population.

Case-control studies are commonly used in epidemiology to investigate disease outbreaks by comparing cases of the disease with controls who do not have the disease.

Environmental health is the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of the environment.

Air pollution, water contamination, and noise pollution are all examples of environmental health hazards that can negatively impact human health.

Public health management is the process of assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs and policies.

Disease surveillance, health promotion, and environmental health protection are all core functions of public health departments.

Health promotion is the process of educating and empowering individuals and communities to make healthy choices.

School-based nutrition education, worksite wellness programs, and community health fairs are all examples of health promotion programs.

Disease prevention is the process of preventing diseases and injuries before they occur.

Vaccination, prenatal care, and injury prevention programs are all examples of disease prevention programs.

Social epidemiology is the study of the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health.

Income, education, and housing are all examples of social determinants of health.