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Interviewing Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide to Successful Conversations

Description: Interviewing Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide to Successful Conversations
Number of Questions: 14
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Tags: interviewing techniques oral history communication skills
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What is the primary goal of an interview in the context of oral history?

  1. To gather information and perspectives from individuals with firsthand knowledge of historical events.

  2. To promote the interviewer's own views and interpretations of history.

  3. To entertain the audience with anecdotes and stories.

  4. To create a fictional narrative based on historical facts.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The primary goal of an interview in oral history is to collect firsthand accounts and perspectives from individuals who have witnessed or experienced historical events. This information is valuable for preserving historical records, understanding different viewpoints, and enriching our knowledge of the past.

Which of the following is NOT a key element of effective interviewing in oral history?

  1. Active listening and empathy

  2. Asking open-ended questions

  3. Interrupting the interviewee to clarify points

  4. Maintaining a neutral and non-judgmental attitude


Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Interrupting the interviewee to clarify points is generally not considered good practice in oral history interviewing. It can disrupt the flow of the conversation, make the interviewee feel uncomfortable, and potentially lead to missed information.

What is the importance of rapport-building in the context of oral history interviews?

  1. It helps establish trust and encourages the interviewee to share more openly.

  2. It ensures that the interviewee follows the interviewer's agenda.

  3. It allows the interviewer to control the conversation and steer it in the desired direction.

  4. It is not particularly important as long as the interviewee provides the necessary information.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Rapport-building is crucial in oral history interviews because it creates a sense of trust and comfort between the interviewer and the interviewee. This encourages the interviewee to share their thoughts, feelings, and experiences more openly and honestly, resulting in richer and more valuable information.

Which of the following is an example of an open-ended question in an oral history interview?

  1. Can you tell me about your childhood?

  2. Did you witness any significant historical events?

  3. What was your opinion of the political climate during that time?

  4. Do you have any specific memories of the day the war broke out?


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Open-ended questions allow the interviewee to provide detailed and comprehensive answers. They encourage the interviewee to share their own thoughts, feelings, and experiences, rather than simply answering with a yes or no.

What is the purpose of follow-up questions in oral history interviews?

  1. To clarify ambiguous or incomplete answers.

  2. To challenge the interviewee's statements and express disagreement.

  3. To steer the conversation in a specific direction and obtain desired information.

  4. To thank the interviewee for their time and end the interview.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Follow-up questions are used to seek additional information, clarify ambiguous or incomplete answers, and explore specific aspects of the interviewee's experiences in more detail.

How can an interviewer demonstrate active listening and empathy during an oral history interview?

  1. By maintaining eye contact, nodding, and using verbal cues like "uh-huh" and "I see."

  2. By interrupting the interviewee frequently to ask clarifying questions.

  3. By expressing their own opinions and experiences instead of listening to the interviewee.

  4. By changing the topic of conversation whenever they find it uninteresting.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Active listening and empathy involve paying close attention to the interviewee's words, body language, and emotions. Demonstrating these qualities through eye contact, nodding, and verbal cues shows the interviewee that you are engaged, understanding, and respectful of their experiences.

What is the significance of preserving oral history interviews for future generations?

  1. It provides a valuable record of firsthand accounts and perspectives that may otherwise be lost.

  2. It allows historians to rewrite history according to their own interpretations.

  3. It serves as a source of entertainment and amusement for future generations.

  4. It has no particular significance and can be discarded without any consequences.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Preserving oral history interviews is important because they provide a unique and irreplaceable record of firsthand accounts and perspectives from individuals who have witnessed or experienced historical events. These interviews offer valuable insights into the past and help us understand different viewpoints, social contexts, and cultural experiences.

What ethical considerations should an interviewer keep in mind when conducting oral history interviews?

  1. Obtaining informed consent from the interviewee and respecting their privacy.

  2. Pressuring the interviewee to share information that they are uncomfortable disclosing.

  3. Using manipulative techniques to influence the interviewee's responses.

  4. Fabricating or altering the interviewee's statements to fit a desired narrative.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Ethical considerations in oral history interviews include obtaining informed consent from the interviewee, respecting their privacy and confidentiality, ensuring that the interview is conducted in a safe and respectful manner, and avoiding any form of coercion or manipulation.

How can an interviewer encourage an interviewee to share sensitive or difficult memories during an oral history interview?

  1. By creating a safe and supportive environment, showing empathy, and avoiding judgment.

  2. By pressing the interviewee to share their experiences, even if they are reluctant.

  3. By changing the topic of conversation if the interviewee becomes emotional.

  4. By expressing disbelief or skepticism towards the interviewee's account.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To encourage an interviewee to share sensitive or difficult memories, the interviewer should create a safe and supportive environment, show empathy and understanding, and avoid any form of judgment or criticism. This can help the interviewee feel comfortable and more willing to open up about their experiences.

What is the role of transcription in the process of oral history interviews?

  1. Converting the recorded interview into a written format for easier analysis and preservation.

  2. Altering the interviewee's statements to make them more coherent or grammatically correct.

  3. Censoring or removing parts of the interview that are deemed inappropriate or controversial.

  4. Adding fictional elements or embellishments to make the interview more entertaining.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Transcription involves converting the recorded interview into a written format. This is done to make the interview more accessible for analysis, research, and preservation. Transcription also allows researchers and historians to easily search and reference specific parts of the interview.

How can an interviewer ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information gathered during oral history interviews?

  1. By verifying the interviewee's statements with other sources and documents.

  2. By relying solely on the interviewee's memory and not seeking corroborating evidence.

  3. By editing or altering the interviewee's statements to make them more consistent with the interviewer's own beliefs.

  4. By fabricating or inventing information to fill in gaps in the interviewee's account.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information gathered during oral history interviews, it is important to verify the interviewee's statements with other sources and documents. This can include historical records, official documents, newspaper articles, or interviews with other individuals who have knowledge of the same events.

What is the importance of contextualizing oral history interviews within their historical and social context?

  1. It helps understand the interviewee's experiences in relation to the broader historical events and social conditions.

  2. It is not necessary as the interviewee's personal account is sufficient for historical understanding.

  3. It can be misleading as it may introduce biases and interpretations that are not supported by the interviewee's statements.

  4. It is irrelevant and should be avoided to maintain the objectivity of the interview.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Contextualizing oral history interviews within their historical and social context is important because it provides a deeper understanding of the interviewee's experiences. It helps researchers and historians situate the interviewee's account within the broader framework of historical events, social conditions, and cultural influences that shaped their lives and perspectives.

How can an interviewer effectively manage their own emotions and biases during oral history interviews?

  1. By acknowledging and reflecting on their own biases and emotions, and striving to maintain objectivity.

  2. By suppressing their emotions and presenting a neutral and detached demeanor during the interview.

  3. By allowing their emotions to influence the interview and expressing their personal opinions and judgments.

  4. By avoiding any form of self-reflection and focusing solely on the interviewee's experiences.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

To effectively manage their own emotions and biases during oral history interviews, interviewers should acknowledge and reflect on their own biases and emotions. They should strive to maintain objectivity by recognizing that their own experiences and perspectives may differ from those of the interviewee. This self-awareness helps interviewers avoid imposing their own biases or judgments on the interviewee's account.

What is the significance of preserving the original recordings of oral history interviews?

  1. It allows researchers and historians to access the raw and unedited account of the interviewee.

  2. It is not necessary as the transcribed version of the interview contains all the relevant information.

  3. It can be misleading as the original recording may contain errors or inconsistencies.

  4. It is a waste of resources and storage space and should be discarded after transcription.


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Preserving the original recordings of oral history interviews is significant because it allows researchers and historians to access the raw and unedited account of the interviewee. The original recording captures the interviewee's voice, tone, and emotions, which can provide valuable insights into their experiences and perspectives. Additionally, the original recording can be used for further analysis, such as linguistic analysis or emotional analysis.

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