Aryabhata, in his influential work 'Aryabhatiya,' proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Sun is the stationary center and the Earth and other planets revolve around it.

Jantar Mantar is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments designed for observing celestial bodies, measuring time, and tracking the movement of the Sun, Moon, and stars.

ASTROSAT, also known as 'India's First Dedicated Multi-Wavelength Space Observatory,' is designed to study celestial objects in X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths.

The astrolabe, a sophisticated instrument, was used by astronomers to measure the altitude of celestial bodies above the horizon, enabling them to determine their positions in the sky.

The Panchang combines both solar and lunar cycles to create a calendar that accurately tracks time and is used for various purposes, including religious observances and agricultural planning.

Lunar syzygy, the alignment of the Sun, Earth, and Moon, was identified as a crucial factor in predicting the occurrence of solar and lunar eclipses.

Ancient Indian astronomers had insights into stellar evolution, recognizing the different stages in the life cycle of stars, including their birth, growth, and eventual demise.

Ancient Indian astronomers focused primarily on astrophysics, studying the physical properties and behavior of celestial objects, including stars, planets, and galaxies.

Trigonometry, with its emphasis on angles and triangles, was extensively used by ancient Indian astronomers to calculate the positions and movements of celestial bodies.

Aryabhata, in his 'Aryabhatiya,' provided a method for calculating the circumference of the Earth using the concept of 'yojanas,' an ancient unit of measurement.

The ancient Indian astronomers understood that the Sun's position relative to the Earth determines the seasons, with its movement along the ecliptic causing the cyclical changes in weather patterns.

Ursa Major, also known as the Great Bear, was a significant constellation used by ancient Indian astronomers as a reference point for celestial observations and navigation.

Ancient Indian astronomers made notable contributions to understanding planetary motion, including the development of models for predicting the positions of planets and their interactions.

The gnomon, a simple yet effective instrument, was used by ancient Indian astronomers to measure the altitude of celestial bodies by observing the length of their shadows.

Bhaskara II, in his work 'Siddhanta Shiromani,' developed a model for predicting the positions of planets based on elliptical orbits, a significant advancement in astronomical calculations.