Copper was the most commonly used metal for casting coins in ancient India.

The Satavahana Dynasty, which ruled parts of India from the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century CE, is renowned for its prolific issuance of cast coins.

Casting is the process of pouring molten metal into a mold to create a coin.

Cast coins often have a raised rim around the edge, which helps to protect the design and prevent wear.

Punch-marked coins, which feature various symbols and designs punched into the metal, are considered to be the earliest coins issued in India.

The Pandya Kingdom, which ruled parts of southern India, issued cast coins with the image of a bull, a sacred animal in Hindu mythology.

Overstriking is the process of striking a new design or symbol onto an existing coin, often to update its value or commemorate an event.

The Gupta Dynasty, which ruled northern India from the 4th to the 6th century CE, issued cast coins featuring the image of a lion, a symbol of strength and royalty.

Numismatics is the study of ancient coins, including their history, design, and significance.

The Chera Kingdom, which ruled parts of southern India, issued cast coins featuring the image of an elephant, a symbol of strength and power.

Engraving is the process of creating a mold for casting coins by carving a design into a hard material, such as stone or metal.

The Chola Dynasty, which ruled parts of southern India, issued cast coins featuring the image of a peacock, a symbol of beauty and grace.

Countermarking is the practice of adding a new mark or symbol to an existing coin, often to indicate its value or authenticity.

The Pallava Kingdom, which ruled parts of southern India, issued cast coins featuring the image of a fish, a symbol of fertility and abundance.

Standardization is the practice of issuing coins with a specific weight standard to ensure their value and facilitate trade.