Permafrost is defined as ground that remains frozen for at least two consecutive years.

Permafrost is found in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, as well as in high-altitude areas.

Approximately 25% of the Earth's land surface is underlain by permafrost.

Permafrost can be up to 1,000 meters thick, but it is typically much thinner.

The average temperature of permafrost is -10°C.

Permafrost melting is caused by a combination of climate change, human activity, and natural variability.

Permafrost melting has a number of consequences, including the release of greenhouse gases, loss of habitat for Arctic species, and damage to infrastructure.

Mitigating the effects of permafrost melting requires a combination of actions, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting Arctic ecosystems, and developing sustainable infrastructure.

The Arctic is the region north of the Arctic Circle, which is located at 66.5°N latitude.

The total area of the Arctic is approximately 14 million square kilometers.

The countries located in the Arctic are Canada, Russia, United States, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.

The population of the Arctic is approximately 4 million.

The main economic activity in the Arctic is oil and gas extraction.

The main environmental challenges facing the Arctic are climate change, pollution, and overfishing.

Protecting the Arctic requires a combination of actions, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing pollution, and managing fisheries sustainably.