The Upanishads emphasize that the ultimate purpose of human life is to attain moksha, a state of liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Krishna teaches Arjuna that the soul is an eternal, unchanging entity that transcends the physical body and continues to exist after death.

Jain philosophy places great emphasis on ahimsa, the principle of non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.

Buddhism teaches that the root cause of suffering is ignorance, or lack of understanding of the true nature of reality, which leads to attachment and craving.

Nyaya philosophy emphasizes the importance of reason and logical analysis as the primary means of acquiring valid knowledge.

Dharma refers to the moral and ethical principles that govern human conduct and behavior, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling one's duties and obligations.

Vaisheshika philosophy posits six categories of reality: substance, quality, action, generality, particularity, and inherence.

Karma refers to the law of cause and effect, where every action, thought, and intention has consequences that shape one's destiny.

Mimamsa philosophy primarily focuses on the interpretation and understanding of the Vedas, the sacred texts of Hinduism.

Maya, in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the illusion or veil that conceals the true nature of reality, leading to the perception of a separate and diverse world.

Samkhya philosophy posits two fundamental principles: Purusha, the pure consciousness, and Prakriti, the material world.

Yoga philosophy aims to unite the individual soul (Atman) with the universal soul (Brahman) through various practices, including meditation and physical postures.

Moksha refers to the ultimate goal of liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, leading to a state of eternal bliss and freedom.

Charvaka philosophy emphasizes the pursuit of material pleasures and sensual enjoyments as the primary goal of life.

In Jaina philosophy, the three jewels of liberation are right faith, right knowledge, and right conduct, which are essential for attaining moksha.