Aryabhata, a renowned mathematician and astronomer, is widely regarded as the father of Indian astronomy due to his significant contributions to the field.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the heliocentric model of the solar system, where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun.

Jantar Mantar is a collection of astronomical instruments built by Maharaja Jai Singh II in the 18th century. It is located in New Delhi and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Varahamihira, a renowned astrologer and astronomer, developed the concept of the nine planets (navagrahas) and their influence on human life.

Aryabhatiya is a seminal astronomical text written by Aryabhata in the 5th century CE. It contains important concepts such as the heliocentric model, the Earth's rotation, and the calculation of planetary positions.

Bhaskara II, a renowned mathematician and astronomer, calculated the value of pi (π) to four decimal places, which was a significant achievement in ancient mathematics.

The astrolabe is an ancient astronomical instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies above the horizon. It was widely used by Indian astronomers for various astronomical calculations.

Varahamihira, a renowned astrologer and astronomer, developed the concept of the zodiac (rashis) and their significance in astrology and astronomy.

Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta is a comprehensive astronomical text written by Brahmagupta in the 7th century CE. It covers various topics such as planetary motion, eclipses, and trigonometry.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the concept of the precession of the equinoxes, which is the gradual shift in the position of the equinoxes over time.

The sundial is an ancient astronomical instrument used to measure the time of day based on the position of the Sun. It was widely used by Indian astronomers for various practical purposes.

Varahamihira, a renowned astrologer and astronomer, developed the concept of the lunar mansions (nakshatras) and their significance in astrology and astronomy.

Panchasiddhantika is a comprehensive astronomical text written by Varahamihira in the 6th century CE. It contains information on various astronomical topics, including planetary motion, eclipses, and astrology.

Aryabhata was the first Indian astronomer to propose the concept of the Earth's spherical shape, which was a significant departure from the prevailing flat Earth theory.

The quadrant is an astronomical instrument used to measure the angular distance between celestial bodies. It was widely used by Indian astronomers for various astronomical calculations.