Baudhayana, an ancient Indian mathematician who lived around 800 BCE, is often credited with the discovery of the Pythagorean theorem, although it was known in other civilizations before him.

The Bakhshali manuscript is written in a form of Prakrit, an ancient Indian language.

Brahmagupta, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 7th century CE, is known for his contributions to algebra, including the development of the concept of negative numbers.

Aryabhata, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 5th century CE, first described the Fibonacci sequence in his work, the Aryabhatiya.

Aryabhata is credited with developing the concept of zero as a number and a placeholder in the decimal system.

The Sulba Sutras are a collection of ancient Indian texts that deal primarily with geometry, particularly the construction of altars and other religious structures.

Bhaskara II, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 12th century CE, is known for his work on trigonometry, including the development of trigonometric identities and the sine table.

The Lilavati is a mathematical text written by the Indian mathematician Bhaskara II in the 12th century CE. It deals primarily with algebra, including topics such as arithmetic, quadratic equations, and indeterminate equations.

Madhava of Sangamagrama, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 14th century CE, is known for his work on calculus, including the development of the concept of the derivative.

The Surya Siddhanta is an ancient Indian mathematical text that deals primarily with astronomy, including topics such as the motion of the sun, moon, and planets, and the calculation of eclipses.

Srinivasa Ramanujan, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 20th century CE, is known for his work on number theory, including the development of the concept of perfect numbers.

The Ganita Sara Sangraha is a mathematical text written by the Indian mathematician Mahavira in the 9th century CE. It deals primarily with number theory, including topics such as prime numbers, factorization, and Diophantine equations.

Pingala, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 2nd century BCE, is known for his work on combinatorics, including the development of Pascal's triangle.

The Yuktibhāṣā is a mathematical text written by the Indian mathematician Jaina Hemachandra in the 12th century CE. It deals primarily with logic, including topics such as syllogisms, fallacies, and the theory of inference.

Narayana Pandit, an Indian mathematician who lived in the 14th century CE, is known for his work on probability, including the development of the concept of conditional probability.