Musical sociology is the study of the relationship between music and society, including how music is created, performed, and consumed.

The history of music theory is not typically a topic of study in musical sociology, which focuses on the relationship between music and society.

Enculturation is the process by which music is transmitted from one generation to the next through socialization and learning.

Classical music is not typically considered a musical subculture, as it is a more established and mainstream genre of music.

Musical bonding is the process by which music is used to create a sense of community and belonging among a group of people.

Economic production is not typically considered a function of music in society, as music is primarily used for entertainment, communication, and social control.

Political musicology is the study of the relationship between music and politics, including how music is used to express political ideas and influence political behavior.

Experimental research is not typically used in musical sociology research, as it is difficult to control for all of the variables that can influence musical behavior.

Gender studies is the study of the relationship between music and gender, including how music is used to express and reinforce gender roles and identities.

The history of music theory is not typically a topic of study in musical sociology, which focuses on the relationship between music and society.

Religious studies is the study of the relationship between music and religion, including how music is used to express and reinforce religious beliefs and practices.

Sporting events are not typically considered musical rituals, as they are not primarily focused on music.

Environmental studies is the study of the relationship between music and the environment, including how music can be used to raise awareness of environmental issues and promote sustainable practices.

Massage therapy is not typically considered a type of musical therapy, as it does not involve the use of music.

Music therapy is the study of the relationship between music and health, including how music can be used to improve physical, mental, and emotional well-being.