Marxist sociology argues that the capitalist economic system creates social inequalities that lead to differential access to resources, healthcare, and health outcomes.

The Health Belief Model suggests that individuals are more likely to seek healthcare if they believe that the benefits of doing so outweigh the barriers.

Social Capital Theory posits that social networks and social support can provide resources and opportunities that promote health and well-being.

Health narratives are the stories that individuals and groups tell about their health and illness experiences, which shape their understanding and response to these experiences.

Health culture encompasses the shared beliefs, values, and practices that shape how individuals and groups understand, experience, and respond to health and illness.

Social Determinants of Health are the social, economic, and environmental factors that influence the health status of individuals and populations.

Social Cognitive Theory posits that individuals' health behaviors are influenced by their beliefs, attitudes, and social interactions.

Health stigma refers to the social and cultural processes by which individuals and groups are labeled, categorized, and treated based on their health status, leading to discrimination and marginalization.

Health literacy encompasses the social and cultural factors that influence how individuals and groups access, use, and interpret health information.

Risk perception refers to the social and cultural processes by which individuals and groups make sense of and respond to health risks and threats.

Cultural sociology emphasizes the role of culture and social values in shaping health beliefs and practices.

Health coping refers to the social and cultural processes by which individuals and groups negotiate and manage their health and illness experiences.

Pain perception refers to the social and cultural factors that influence how individuals and groups experience and respond to pain.

Health decision-making refers to the social and cultural processes by which individuals and groups make decisions about their health and healthcare.

Social Network Theory emphasizes the role of social interactions and social networks in shaping health behaviors and outcomes.