Interaction with a computer using multiple modalities, such as speech, gestures, and touch.

Interaction with a computer using only one modality, such as a keyboard or mouse.

Interaction with a computer using a combination of modalities, such as a keyboard and mouse.

Interaction with a computer using a combination of modalities, such as speech and gestures.

Increased naturalness and intuitiveness of interaction.

Increased efficiency and productivity.

Increased accessibility for users with disabilities.

All of the above.

Using a touchscreen to control a computer.

Using a microphone to control a computer.

Using a gesture-based interface to control a computer.

All of the above.

The need for specialized hardware and software.

The difficulty of designing interfaces that are both natural and efficient.

The need for users to learn new interaction techniques.

All of the above.

Multimodal interaction will become more widespread as hardware and software costs decrease.

Multimodal interaction will become more sophisticated as new technologies are developed.

Multimodal interaction will become more accessible as users become more familiar with it.

All of the above.

Speech

Gestures

Touch

Eye gaze

A touchscreen that allows users to interact with a computer using their fingers.

A microphone that allows users to control a computer using their voice.

A gesture-based interface that allows users to control a computer using their hands.

All of the above.

The need for specialized hardware and software.

The difficulty of designing interfaces that are both natural and efficient.

The need for users to learn new interaction techniques.

All of the above.

Increased naturalness and intuitiveness of interaction.

Increased efficiency and productivity.

Increased accessibility for users with disabilities.

All of the above.

The development of new hardware and software for multimodal interaction.

The design of more natural and efficient multimodal interaction interfaces.

The investigation of new modalities for multimodal interaction.

All of the above.

The needs of the users.

The context of use.

The available hardware and software.

All of the above.

A smartphone that allows users to interact with it using their fingers, voice, and gestures.

A smart TV that allows users to control it using their voice and gestures.

A video game console that allows users to control it using a controller and their body movements.

All of the above.

The need for specialized hardware and software.

The difficulty of designing natural and efficient multimodal interaction interfaces.

The need for users to learn new interaction techniques.

All of the above.

Increased naturalness and intuitiveness of interaction.

Increased efficiency and productivity.

Increased accessibility for users with disabilities.

All of the above.

The development of new hardware and software for multimodal interaction.

The design of more natural and efficient multimodal interaction interfaces.

The investigation of new modalities for multimodal interaction.

All of the above.