Realism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of national interest and power in determining state behavior. It assumes that states are rational actors seeking to maximize their power and security in an anarchic international system.

Liberalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of economic interdependence and cooperation in promoting peace and prosperity among states. It assumes that states are motivated by economic interests and that free trade and open markets can lead to mutual benefits.

Constructivism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of social constructivism in shaping state behavior and international outcomes. It assumes that states' identities, interests, and norms are socially constructed and that these constructions influence their interactions.

Marxism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of class struggle in shaping international politics. It assumes that the global economy is divided into classes with conflicting interests and that these conflicts manifest themselves in international relations.

Institutionalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of international institutions in promoting cooperation and reducing conflict among states. It assumes that institutions can provide frameworks for negotiation, coordination, and enforcement of agreements.

Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is a term used to describe the situation in which two or more states have the capacity to inflict severe damage on each other, even if one state launches a surprise attack. This concept is often associated with the nuclear arms race during the Cold War.

Culturalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of culture and identity in shaping state behavior and international relations. It assumes that states' cultures, values, and beliefs influence their foreign policy decisions and interactions with other states.

Hegemony is a term used to describe the situation in which one state has overwhelming power and influence over other states in a region or globally. This state can exert its dominance through economic, military, political, or cultural means.

Long cycle theory is a theory in international relations that argues that international relations are characterized by cycles of conflict and cooperation. These cycles are driven by economic, technological, and political factors and can span several decades.

Multipolarity is a term used to describe the situation in which multiple states have roughly equal power and influence in the international system. This can lead to a more complex and fluid balance of power, with shifting alliances and coalitions.

Transnationalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of non-state actors, such as multinational corporations and NGOs, in international relations. It assumes that these actors can influence state behavior and international outcomes through their economic, political, and cultural activities.

Collective security is a term used to describe the situation in which states cooperate to address common challenges and threats. This can involve creating international organizations, sharing intelligence, and coordinating military responses.

Realism is a theory in international relations that argues that the international system is inherently anarchic and that states must rely on self-help to ensure their security. It assumes that states are rational actors seeking to maximize their power and security in an anarchic international system.

Economic statecraft is a term used to describe the situation in which a state uses its economic power to influence the behavior of other states. This can involve imposing economic sanctions, trade embargoes, or other economic measures to achieve desired outcomes.

Legalism is a theory in international relations that emphasizes the role of international law and institutions in promoting peace and cooperation among states. It assumes that states can be bound by international law and that institutions can provide mechanisms for resolving disputes and enforcing agreements.