In a star topology, a central node, typically a switch or router, is connected to all other nodes in the network.

Bus topologies often utilize coaxial cable as the transmission medium due to its ability to carry signals over long distances.

Mesh topologies are frequently employed in WANs because they provide multiple paths for data transmission, enhancing reliability and redundancy.

In a ring topology, data is passed from node to node in a circular fashion. If a node fails, data is rerouted through other nodes to maintain connectivity.

In a star topology, the failure of the central node can disrupt the entire network, making it susceptible to single-point failures.

Mesh topologies provide multiple paths for data transmission, making them highly fault-tolerant. If one path fails, data can be rerouted through other paths.

Star topologies are widely used in home and small office networks due to their simplicity, ease of installation, and scalability.

In a bus topology, when a node transmits data, the data is broadcast to all other nodes on the network.

In a ring topology, nodes are connected in a circular fashion, forming a closed loop.

Bus topologies are susceptible to single-point failures because if the central cable fails, the entire network is disrupted.

In a star topology, the central node, typically a switch or router, is responsible for routing data between nodes.

Mesh topologies are often used in large enterprise networks due to their high fault tolerance and ability to provide multiple paths for data transmission.

Ring topologies provide fault tolerance by allowing data to be transmitted in both directions, ensuring that data can reach its destination even if one node fails.

In a mesh topology, each node is directly connected to every other node, providing multiple paths for data transmission.

Star topologies are susceptible to single-point failures because if the central node fails, the entire network is disrupted.