Conventional agriculture relies heavily on synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation, which can lead to soil degradation, water pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Deforestation is the clearing of forests for various purposes, including agriculture, logging, and development.

Permaculture is a sustainable farming system that seeks to create self-sufficient and resilient ecosystems by integrating plants, animals, and other natural elements.

Crop rotation is a farming practice that involves growing different crops in the same field in a sequential order to maintain soil fertility and reduce the risk of pests and diseases.

Agroforestry is a farming system that combines agriculture and forestry practices to create a sustainable and productive ecosystem.

Hydroponics is a method of growing plants in water-based solutions without soil.

Vertical farming is a method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often in urban areas.

Protected cultivation involves growing crops in a controlled environment to protect them from adverse weather conditions and pests.

Organic farming is a method of agriculture that emphasizes the use of natural and sustainable practices, such as crop rotation, composting, and biological pest control.

Composting is the process of breaking down organic matter, such as food scraps and yard waste, into a nutrient-rich soil amendment.

Cover cropping involves planting crops that are not harvested but left to grow and cover the soil, providing benefits such as erosion control and nutrient cycling.

Stubble retention involves leaving crop residues, such as stalks and leaves, on the field after harvest to protect the soil from erosion and improve its fertility.

No-till farming is a method of agriculture that minimizes soil disturbance and erosion by planting crops directly into the soil without tilling.

Biological pest control involves the use of natural enemies, such as predators and parasites, to control pests in agriculture.

Circular agriculture aims to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization by creating a closed-loop system where waste from one process is used as a resource for another process.