Ahimsa, or non-violence, is a central principle in Indian philosophy, particularly in Jainism and Buddhism. It emphasizes the importance of compassion and respect for all living beings.

Moksha, or liberation, is the ultimate goal of human existence in Indian philosophy. It refers to the state of freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, and the attainment of spiritual enlightenment.

Dharma, or righteous conduct, is a central concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in Hinduism. It encompasses ethical principles, social responsibilities, and moral duties that individuals are expected to follow in order to live a virtuous life.

Karma, in Indian philosophy, refers to the law of cause and effect. It states that every action, thought, and deed has consequences, both positive and negative, that shape an individual's destiny.

Nyaya, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of knowledge and rational inquiry. It seeks to establish a logical and systematic framework for understanding the world through rigorous analysis and debate.

Maya, in Indian philosophy, particularly in Advaita Vedanta, refers to the illusion of the world. It is the veil of ignorance that prevents individuals from realizing the true nature of reality, which is Brahman, the ultimate and unchanging consciousness.

Advaita Vedanta, a school of Vedanta philosophy, emphasizes the importance of self-realization and the unity of all beings. It teaches that the individual self (Atman) is identical to the universal self (Brahman), and that the goal of life is to realize this unity through spiritual practice and self-inquiry.

Dharma, in Indian philosophy, refers to the ethical and moral principles that govern human conduct. It encompasses a wide range of duties, responsibilities, and virtues that individuals are expected to follow in order to live a righteous and harmonious life.

Yoga, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of liberation from suffering through the practice of meditation and mindfulness. It offers a systematic approach to physical, mental, and spiritual development, aiming to achieve a state of inner peace and harmony.

Samsara, in Indian philosophy, refers to the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. It is the continuous process of existence in which individuals are trapped due to their karma and desires. The goal of spiritual practice in many Indian philosophies is to break free from this cycle and attain liberation.

Vaisheshika, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of empirical observation and experimentation in acquiring knowledge. It seeks to understand the world through careful observation of natural phenomena and logical reasoning.

Moksha, or liberation, is the ultimate goal of spiritual practice in many Indian philosophies. It refers to the state of freedom from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, and the attainment of spiritual enlightenment.

Mimamsa, one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of ritual and sacrifice in maintaining social order and harmony. It focuses on the interpretation and application of Vedic texts, particularly the Brahmanas, which provide detailed instructions for performing various rituals and sacrifices.

Atman, in Indian philosophy, refers to the individual self or soul. It is the essential and unchanging essence of a person, which is distinct from the physical body and the mind. The concept of atman is central to many Indian philosophical schools, particularly Vedanta.

Bhakti, one of the four main paths of yoga in Indian philosophy, emphasizes the importance of devotion and surrender to a personal god. It seeks to cultivate a deep emotional connection with the divine through practices such as chanting, singing, and meditation.