Medieval art often employed symbolism to convey religious, moral, and political messages. Artists used symbols to represent abstract concepts, such as virtues, vices, and divine beings.

Foliate ornament refers to the use of stylized leaves and other plant forms as decorative elements in medieval art. It was commonly used in architecture, sculpture, and manuscript illumination.

The Crucifixion is a central motif in medieval art, representing the suffering and sacrifice of Jesus Christ. It was often depicted in paintings, sculptures, and stained glass windows.

Gilding is the process of applying a thin layer of gold to a surface. It was commonly used in medieval art to decorate sculptures, manuscripts, and other objects.

Courtly love, chivalry, and Arthurian legend are all common themes in medieval literature. They reflect the values and ideals of the medieval aristocracy.

Chiaroscuro is the use of light and shadow to create a sense of depth and realism in art. It was commonly used in medieval painting and sculpture.

The pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress are all common motifs in medieval architecture. They were used to create tall, spacious interiors and to support the weight of the roof.

Polychromy is the use of bright, saturated colors in art. It was commonly used in medieval painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Sacred music, secular music, and polyphony are all common themes in medieval music. Sacred music was used for religious ceremonies, while secular music was used for entertainment.

Allegory is the use of symbols, personification, and metaphor to convey a moral or political message. It was commonly used in medieval art to teach religious and moral lessons.

The Virgin Mary, the saints, and angels are all common motifs in medieval art. They were often depicted in paintings, sculptures, and stained glass windows.

Bestiaries, gargoyles, and chimeras are all examples of grotesque and fantastic creatures that were commonly used in medieval art. They were often used to decorate churches and other religious buildings.

The Last Judgment, the Apocalypse, and the Seven Deadly Sins are all common themes in medieval art. They reflect the medieval preoccupation with death, judgment, and the afterlife.

Iconography, symbolism, and allegory are all ways of using narrative in art. They were commonly used in medieval art to tell stories about religious, moral, and political subjects.

The Tree of Life, the Wheel of Fortune, and the Unicorn are all common motifs in medieval art. They were often used to symbolize religious and moral concepts.